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Preload is how much the spring is compressed when the shock is at full extension (wheel off the ground) compared to its free length. Preload is adjusted by a threaded nut or a stepped ring on the shock; shorten the length of the spring increases preload. Most shocks have some preload even at the lowest setting. Preload determines how much force/load is required before the shock shortens. But, sitting on the motorcycle is normally enough to compress the spring and shorten the shock; this is called sag. With greater preload sag is less.When adding a passenger (or luggage) increase the preload by compressing the spring with the adjustor.Dan