1: The old smallblocks use a similar screw which has a recessed Allen hex. Very tight to the swingarm so it requires cutting off a part of an Allen wrench to get access. Likely that screw is the same thread dimension as the big block and could perhaps substitute. I haven't checked that.
2: I recently asked Charlie Mullendore (thanks!) to get me some measurements of the screw's flat tip so that I could fabricate a tool. The flat tip is 0.1259" across by 0.2539 long. Close enough to 1/8" X 1/4". No, it is NOT the same dimension as the valve adjuster and so the valve tool won't work here.
3: Here is the tool I fabricated. I have a mill but it could be made just as easily with a hand file. Just find a file that is 1/8" thick.

4: I don't see any purpose for going at the screw with two tools simultaneously. Take the screw out completely and make sure that the lock nut rotates very freely on the screw. Maybe run a tap through the nut if it has some binding tendency. Lubricate and reinstall. Adjust the screw to about where you want it. Have someone squeeze the handle to add tension to the screw. Now run in and secure the lock nut. Yes, locking the nut may 'drag' the screw inward for a quarter-turn or so. So, just start with the screw further outward by a quarter turn or so. No need to be precise as you have further, more-sensitive adjuster at the hand lever.
5: The adjustment at the transmission lever arm is much more crude than the adjustment at the hand lever. The pivot-to-lever-arm ratios are much different; perhaps 5:1. Just a little at the transmission goes a long way at the hand end.
6: Yes, the SD-Tec plates are thicker. Reportedly each plate by 0.4mm thicker than stock. That causes lots of change to the various adjusters.
7: The original throwout bearing was a 3-piece affair. The common replacements are 2-piece. YMMV, but I don't like the new ones. I have had them bind twice which causes the outer body to spin which causes the adjuster screw to spin and back out. Suddenly you have NO clutch and you just installed new parts. I found a vendor who has the original 3-piece bearings and I'm sticking with those.
8: I can't see how one would lose the lever arm return spring unless you break a cable. The system should always be under some amount of compression at this spring and no forces to make it go flying as long as the cable is in place.
Patrick Hayes
Fremont CA