Thanks to Charlie M, already replied off-line.
As to why the adjuster screw was removed, no telling. When I opened the rear cover, I could see that it had never been opened before. The shift-return spring was just hanging loose, and the shift pawl was swinging around pretty much freely. There had been some sort of external contraption on the shifter arm, maybe to compensate for the missing adjuster and non-functioning spring. My GUESS is that some previous owner removed the pawl adjuster completely, the shift-return spring slipped out of position, and he didn't want to open the rear cover, so tried to improvise to make it work. The gears and shafts all operate fine, and when it was open I could shift cleanly between the gears by moving the shift drum through its range.
Hopefully it goes together well and can get back into use.
Thanks for your responses.